Chapter 9. Gravitational waves: Wave equations

Vladimir Leonov 

 Book: ResearchGate

For citation

Leonov Vladimir (2010). Chapter 9. Gravitational waves: Wave equations. – From the book: Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages, pp. 603-650. – Book: ResearchGate, PDF: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357876433

  Abstract

This is the first quantum theory of gravitational waves not related to Einstein's GR tensor model. We need a medium to create a gravitational wave that is able to form and carry gravitational waves as a wave perturbation of this medium. This is a luminiferous medium in the form of a quantized space-time, which is simultaneously a carrier of gravity and gravitational wave perturbation in the framework of the quantum theory of gravity as part of the theory of Superunification. The carrier of gravity and the carrier of a gravitational wave is a quantum of space-time (quanton) in the form of a 4D-tetraquark. Such a quantized space-time is the 4D-field of the Universe similar to the quasi-crystal structure of a solid body. A gravitational wave is a longitudinal deformation wave consisting of zones of compression and rarefaction of the quantized space-time inside its quasi-crystalline structure. A gravitational wave is an analog of ultrasound in a solid body, similar to a phonon. Sources of gravitational waves in terrestrial conditions are all bodies performing reciprocating motions with variable acceleration or deformation. For the first time, these studies of gravitational waves in terrestrial conditions were made by Professor Albert Veinik in the 80s of the 20th century using piezoelectric quartz sensors. But even earlier, Professor Nikolai Kozyrev, investigating the radiation of stars, found that in addition to light from a star, another beam comes out that goes along a different trajectory and at a different speed. I believe that Kozyrev was the first to discover gravitational waves in space. At present, astrophysicists are conducting many years of research on the registration of gravitational waves from space on expensive instruments, and at the same time they do not take into account the simple experiments of Veinik and Kozyrev, who were the first to register gravitational waves in the last century. 

Key words: quantum thermodynamics; kinetic theory of heat; temperature; recoil force; photon; IR photon; radiation; orbital electron; atomic nucleus; quantized space-time; quantum gravity; physics of the atomic nucleus.

Comments: 48 pages, 13 figures.

 

Chapter 8. Thermal photons: Molecule recoil in photon emission

Vladimir Leonov 

 Book: ResearchGate

For citation

Leonov Vladimir (2010). Chapter 8. Thermal photons: Molecule recoil in photon emission.– From the book: Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages, pp. 583-602. – Book: ResearchGate, PDF: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357867457

 Abstract

This chapter 8 is the foundation of quantum thermodynamics. Boltzmann's molecular kinetic theory of heat does not reveal to us the nature of heat at the quantum level. We know that as the temperature raises, the intensity of the chaotic thermal motion of molecules and atoms increases. I have established the causes of this phenomenon as the effect on the molecules of the recoil force during the radiation (re-emission) of a thermal photon. In this case, I had to solve paradoxical problems of quantum thermodynamics. The fact is that I did not have the classical method for calculating the recoil force of a molecule when a photon is emitted. The classical momentum of a photon is so small that it cannot move a molecule. But this fact does not correspond to the experiment with Brownian motion, when thermal heating of a liquid with Brownian particles leads to a sharp increase in the intensity of their chaotic motion. Irradiation of Brownian particles with UV photons does not give the same result as irradiation with IR photons. This experiment is contrary to classical mechanics when IR photons in a small momentum create a greater effect than high-energy UV photons. High-energy gamma quanta do not create any thermal effect. I solved this paradoxical problem when I considered the induced electric field E of a thermal two-rotor photon that acts on the nucleus of an atom within quantized space-time (Fig. 8.2). In this case, the force impulse is determined by the recoil of the atomic nucleus from the induced electric field of the quantized space-time. I showed in calculations that the greatest thermal effect on molecules (atoms) in this case is provided by low-energy thermal (IR) photons. Body temperature is the concentration of thermal photons in the volume of this body.

Key words: quantum thermodynamics; kinetic theory of heat; temperature; recoil force; photon; IR photon; radiation; orbital electron; atomic nucleus; quantized space-time; quantum gravity; physics of the atomic nucleus.

Comments: 20 pages, 3 figures.

 

 

Chapter 7. Nature of non-radiation and radiation of the orbital electron

Vladimir Leonov 

 Book: ResearchGate

For citation

Leonov Vladimir (2010). Chapter 7. Nature of non-radiation and radiation of the orbital electron. – From the book: Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages, pp. 514-585. – Book: ResearchGate, PDF: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357838507

  Abstract

One of the fundamental problems of quantum physics is the problem of non-radiation and radiation of an orbital electron that rotates around the atomic nucleus along a complex trajectory in the form of an electron cloud. The electron does not have a Bohr circular ideal orbit; it falls on the nucleus of an atom, changing the energy of the electric field between the nucleus and the electron. In this case, the electron must radiate in accordance with Maxwell's equations. But an electron does not radiate in a complicated stationary orbit; Maxwell's equations do not work for an orbital electron. This is the paradox of quantum electrodynamics, which has an explanation in the theory of Superunification, when a gravitational well is formed inside the quantized space-time around the atomic nucleus. Previously, the gravitational well was never taken into account when describing the atomic nucleus. In this case, we have a quantum paradox when an increase in the electromagnetic energy of an orbiting electron is compensated by a decrease in the gravitational energy of an electron as it falls to the bottom of the gravitational well of the nucleus. On the whole, the energy of the electron-nucleus system is constant, and the orbiting electron does not radiate energy. The radiation of a photon by an orbital electron is possible as a result of a defect in its mass near the atomic nucleus when the electron reaches a speed close to the speed of light as a result of the re-emission of photon energy. Paradoxically, but inside the gravitational well of an atomic nucleus, the relativistic laws of increasing the mass of an electron to infinity do not work when its speed increases to the speed of light. This is the fundamental property of the gravitational well of the atomic nucleus when quantum gravity comes to the aid of the physics of the atomic nucleus. 

Key words: photon; non-radiation; radiation; orbital electron; atomic nucleus; electron cloud; Maxwell equations; quantized space-time; gravitational well; electron-nucleus system; defect of mass; speed of light; quantum gravity; physics of the atomic nucleus.

Comments: 72 pages, 13 figures.