Unit of measurement for charge of magnetic quark is Leon [Ln]

Leonov Vladimir

Апрель 2024

For citation:

V.S. Leonov. Unit of measurement for charge of magnetic quark is Leon [Ln] – Preprint: ResearchGate, April 2024, Download PDF: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30412.01924

Abstract

Magnetic quarks were first introduced in the theory of elastic quantized space in 1996 in the quark structure of a space-time quantum (quanton) in the form of 4D-tetraquark which includes four integer quarks: two electric ±е and two magnetic ±g. The quark electromagnetic structure of vacuum in the form of quantized space-time is the carrier of the fifth Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI) – the fifth fundamental Superforce. The exact formula g = Ce is establishes the relationship between the magnetic and electric charges of quarks in quantized space-time. The unit of measurement for the charge of a magnetic quark is Leon [Ln]=Am. Magnetic quarks cannot be in a free state; they are coupled into dipoles within 4D-tetraquark, representing a hidden form of vacuum. For this reason, free magnetic Dirac monopoles can never be detected experimentally since they do not exist in nature. Magnetic quarks bound in dipoles inside 4D-tetraquark are involved in all electromagnetic processes in nature.

6 pages, 2 figures

Key word: magnetic quarks, electric quarks, 4D-tetraquark, quantized space-time, Dirac monopole, fifth fundamental Superforce, theory of Superunification.

Content

1. Introduction

2. Derivation of the formula for the magnetic charge from the quark structure of 4D-tetraquark

3. Derivation of the formula for the magnetic charge from Maxwell’s equations for vacuum

4. Conclusion

References

 

The diameter of 4D-tetraquark of 10^(–25) meters is the fundamental length (Leonov length)

Leonov Vladimir

Апрель 2024

For citation:

V.S. Leonov. The diameter of 4D-tetraquark of 10^(-25) meters is the fundamental length (Leonov length). – Preprint: ResearchGate, April 2024, Download PDF: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17317.92646

Abstract

The quantum theory of Superunification and the theory of quantum gravity are based on the discrete structure of quantized space-time consisting of 4D-tetraquarks. The diameter of 4D-tetraquark is the fundamental length that determines the discreteness of quantized space-time. The diameter of 4D-tetraquark is calculated to be about 10^–25 meters. This is a new fundamental length (Leonov length) which is 10 orders of magnitude greater than the Planck length.

8 pages, 6 figures

Key word: 4D-tetraquark, fundamental length, Planck length, Leonov length, quantum gravity, theory of Superunification, discreteness of quantized space-time.

Content

1. Introduction

2. Quark structure of 4D-tetraquark

3. Analytical derivation of the formula for the diameter of 4D-tetraquark

4. Conclusion

References

 

4D-tetraquark is carrier of fifth Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI)

 

Leonov Vladimir

Апрель 2024

For citation:

V.S. Leonov. 4D-tetraquark is carrier of fifth Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI). – Preprint: ResearchGate, April 2024, Download PDF: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16587.20007

Abstract

Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI) as the fifth Superforce of nature was discovered by me in the theory of Elastic Quantized Space (EQS) in 1996. 4D-tetraquark is carrier of fifth Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI). 4D-tetraquark is the carrier of the fifth Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI). 4D-tetraquark is a new quark particle previously unknown to science, which includes four integer quarks (antiquarks): two electric ±е and two magnetic ±g. The cosmic vacuum has a high-energy quark structure consisting of 4D-tetraquarks that participate in all fundamental interactions. Everything is born from a vacuum and everything disintegrates in it. Nature only needed four quarks, two of which are antiquarks, to create the Universe. Now nature has five fundamental interactions: 1) Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (SEI) – the fifth Superpower that unites all the forces of nature from a unified position; 2) Strong interaction which is responsible for nuclear forces; 3) Electroweak interaction which is responsible for interaction involving neutrinos; 4) Electromagnetic interaction which corresponds to electromagnetic processes in nature; 5) Gravitational interaction which is responsible for gravity.

23 pages, 9 figures

Key word: fifth force of nature, Superforce, Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction, 4D-tetraquark, Maxwell, Einstein, electromagnetic wave, luminiferous medium.

Content

1. Introduction

2. Maxwell’s electromagnetic ether is a luminiferous medium

3. Analysis of a plane electromagnetic Maxwell wave in vacuum

4. Falsification of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light

5. Wave equations of a plane electromagnetic wave in vacuum

6. Wave equations of a plane electromagnetic wave in a gravitational field

7. Wave equations of a plane electromagnetic wave in a dynamic gravitational field

8. 4D-tetraquark is a carrier of the luminiferous medium and the fifth Superpower

9. Electromagnetic polarization of vacuum and derivation of Maxwell’s equations

10. Conclusion

References