Planck length of about 10^(—35) meters has no physical meaning yet

 

 

Leonov Vladimir

February 2025

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-0824

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonov-Vladimir/research

For citation:

Leonov Vladimir. Planck length of about 10^—35 meters has no physical meaning yet. – Preprint: ResearchGate, February 2025, Download PDF: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33616.42245

Abstract

No physicist has ever proven that Planck length has anything to do with physics. Mathematical manipulations are speculations with physical fundamental constants. There have been numerous unsuccessful attempts to relate the Planck length to the discreteness of the vacuum as a fundamental length. I also admitted such a possibility until I was able to calculate the diameter of 4D-tetraquark which determines the discreteness of the quantized vacuum. I can assume that the Planck length has some hidden secret meaning, but it still needs to be proven.

2 pages, 1 figures.

Key word: Planck length, gravity, electromagnetism, quantum gravity, quantized vacuum, 4D-tetraquark.

Electromagnetism begins at scales of about 10^(–25) meters

 

Leonov Vladimir

February 2025

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-0824

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonov-Vladimir/research

For citation:

Leonov Vladimir. Electromagnetism begins at scales of about 10^–25 meters. – Preprint: ResearchGate, February 2025, Download PDF: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34940.24965

Abstract

We have established that the quantized vacuum is the carrier of a global static electromagnetic field consisting of 4D-tetraquarks, which include electric and magnetic quarks and antiquarks. The discreteness of this static electromagnetic field is characterized by the diameter of 4D-tetraquark, which is of the order of 10^–25 m. This size is the initial scale for electromagnetism, the carrier of which is 4D-tetraquark.

7 pages, 6 figures.

Key word: electromagnetism, quantized vacuum, 4D-tetraquark, electric quarks, magnetic quarks, electromagnetism.

    Content

1. Introduction

2. Step 1 is the unification of electricity and magnetism

3. Step 2 is the transformation of the electromagnetic quadrupole into 4D-tetraquark

4. Step 3 is the electromagnetic quantization of the vacuum

5. Quantized vacuum is a static electromagnetic field with a discreteness of 10^—25 meters

6. Size scale for gravity and electromagnetism

7. Conclusion

    References

Gravity begins at scales of about 10^(–15) meters

 

Leonov Vladimir

February 2025

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-0824

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonov-Vladimir/research

For citation:

Leonov Vladimir Gravity begins at scales of about 10^–15 meters. – Preprint: ResearchGate, January 2025, Download PDF: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17137.39528

Abstract

            The theory of quantum gravity has established that the scale of gravity begins with the classical radius of the nucleon of about 10^—15 meters. Previously, the theory of Superunification established that the scale of electromagnetism begins with the diameter of the 4D-tetraquark, about 10^—25 meters, of which the quantized vacuum consists. Gravity is a secondary induced formation that is formed as a result of spherical deformation of the quantized vacuum. A Planck length of the order of 10^—35 meters have no physical meaning.

12 pages, 5 figures.

Key word: gravity, electromagnetism, quantum gravity, quantized vacuum, 4D-tetraquark, nucleon classical radius, 4D-tetraquark diameter, Planck length.

Content

2. Calculation model for the start of gravity

3. Balance of maximum energy of spherical deformation during formation of a black microhole

4. The radius of a nucleon of the order of 10^—15 meters is the beginning of gravity

5. Classical (calculated) radius R_pn of the nucleon for the proton and neutron

6. Formula for the classical radius R_pn of a nucleon

7. The classical radius of a nucleon does not depend on its speed of movement

8. The principle of spherical invariance is the basis of the principle of relativity

9. Derivation of the formula for the diameter of 4D-tetraquark

based on the maximum energy of a nucleon

10. Classical radius of the electron

11. Size scale for gravity and electromagnetism

12. Conclusion

References